2024-03-28T13:43:56Zhttp://oai-repositori.upf.edu/oai/requestoai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/209782018-01-24T08:33:42Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Castañer Camps, Sandra
author
Coll Barneda, Maria
author
Gould Gavidia, Andrea
author
Hernández Uptegrove, Christie
author
2013-08-01
Generic or own brand products were initially only lesser expensive copies of the branded label alternative, but nowadays, pricing alone is not enough in order to survive in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) or Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG)markets. With this in mind manufacturers of generic brands have adapted to this rapidly/ngrowing niche by investing in design and marketing during the initial phase in order to be perceived as having a quality product comparable to that of the branded products. In addition, they have gone further ahead with a second phase and resorted to innovative/nproduct differentiation strategies and even pure innovation in many cases. These strategies have granted generic brands constantly increasing market shares and a position of equals relative to national brands./nUsing previous analyses and case studies, this paper will provide conceptual and empirical evidence to explain the surprisingly fast growth and penetration of generic supermarket brands, which in their relatively short lifespan, have grown to rival the historical market leaders, the branded products. According to this analysis, the main conclusion is that the growth in generic brands can be explained not only by price competition, but also by the use of innovative product differentiation strategies.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20978
Construcció de marca (Màrqueting)
Productes de marca -- Direcció i administració
Marques de fàbrica
Logística empresarial
Treball de fi de grau – Curs 2012-2013
Generic brands and product differentiation strategies
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/209792018-01-24T08:24:53Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Miquel Mateu, Mar
author
2013-08-01
One of the most important questions regarding experimental economics is the external validity of laboratory experiments. This paper goes through a study that tests the generalizability of a Dictator Game as a laboratory analogue for a naturally occurring/ndecision-making context of teacher absenteeism. Because lab and naturally-occurring environments systematically differ we then discuss other factors that might strongly affect the choices that individuals make. We conclude that the dichotomy drawn between lab/nexperiments and data collected from natural settings is a false one. A combination of the two would provide deeper and better insights than either separately.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20979
Economia experimental
Treball de fi de grau – Curs 2012-2013
The External validity in economic experiments
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/211302018-01-24T08:29:36Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Garcia Bassa, Gerbert
author
2013-09-30
The present paper is aimed at providing a general strategic overview of the existing theoretical models that have applications in the field of financial innovation. Whereas most financial/ndevelopments have relied upon traditional economic tools, a new stream of research is defining a novel paradigm in which mathematical models from diverse scientific disciplines are being applied to conceptualize and explain economic and financial behavior. Indeed, terms such as ‘econophysics’ or ‘quantum finance’ have recently appeared to embrace efforts in this direction. As a first contact with such research, the project will present a brief description of some of the main theoretical models that have applications in finance and economics, and will try to present, if possible, potential new applications to particular areas in financial analysis, or new applicable models. As a result, emphasis/nwill be put on the implications of this research for the financial sector and its future dynamics.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/21130
Treball de fi de grau – Curs 2012-2013
Matemàtica financera
Finances - Innovacions tecnològiques
Economia - Models matemàtics
Application of theoretical models to financial innovation
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/220002018-01-24T08:04:36Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Arroyos Calvera, Danae
author
2013-12-20
Helping behavior is any intentional behavior that benefits another living being or group (Hogg & Vaughan, 2010). People tend to underestimate the probability that others will comply with their direct requests for help (Flynn & Lake, 2008). This implies that when they need help, they will assess the probability of getting it (De Paulo, 1982, cited in Flynn & Lake, 2008) and then they will tend to estimate one that is actually lower than the real chance, so they may not even consider worth asking for it. Existing explanations for this phenomenon attribute it to a mistaken cost computation by the help seeker, who will emphasize the instrumental cost of “saying yes”, ignoring that the potential helper also needs to take into account the social cost of saying “no”. And the truth is that, especially in face-to-face interactions, the discomfort /ncaused by refusing to help can be very high. In short, help seekers tend to fail to realize that it might be more costly to refuse to comply with a help request rather than accepting. /nA similar effect has been observed when estimating trustworthiness of people. Fetchenhauer and Dunning (2010) showed that people also tend to underestimate it. This bias is reduced when, instead of asymmetric feedback (getting feedback only when deciding to trust the other person), symmetric feedback (always given) was provided. This cause could as well be applicable to help seeking as people only receive feedback when they actually make their request but not otherwise. /nFazio, Shook, and Eiser (2004) studied something that could be reinforcing these outcomes: Learning asymmetries. By means of a computer game called BeanFest, they showed that people learn better about negatively valenced objects (beans in this case) than about /npositively valenced ones. This learning asymmetry esteemed from “information gain being contingent on approach behavior” (p. 293), which could be identified with what Fetchenhauer and Dunning mention as ‘asymmetric feedback’, and hence also with help requests. Fazio et al. also found a generalization asymmetry in favor of negative attitudes versus positive ones. They attributed it to a negativity bias that “weights resemblance to a known negative more heavily than resemblance to a positive” (p. 300). Applied to help seeking scenarios, this would mean that when facing an unknown situation, people would tend to generalize and infer that is more likely that they get a negative rather than a positive outcome from it, so, along with what it was said before, people will be more inclined to think that they will get a “no” when /nrequesting help. /nDenrell and Le Mens (2011) present a different perspective when trying to explain judgment biases in general. They deviate from the classical inappropriate information processing (depicted among other by Fiske & Taylor, 2007, and Tversky & Kahneman, 1974) and explain this in terms of ‘adaptive sampling’. Adaptive sampling is a sampling mechanism in which the selection of sample items is conditioned by the values of the variable of interest previously /nobserved (Thompson, 2011). Sampling adaptively allows individuals to safeguard themselves from experiences they went through once and turned out to lay negative outcomes. However, it also prevents them from giving a second chance to those experiences to get an updated /noutcome that could maybe turn into a positive one, a more positive one, or just one that regresses to the mean, whatever direction that implies. That, as Denrell and Le Mens (2011) explained, makes sense: If you go to a restaurant, and you did not like the food, you do not choose that restaurant again. This is what we think could be happening when asking for help: When we get a “no”, we stop asking. /nAnd here, we want to provide a complementary explanation for the underestimation of the probability that others comply with our direct help requests based on adaptive sampling. First, we will develop and explain a model that represents the theory. Later on, we will test it empirically by means of experiments, and will elaborate on the analysis of its results.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22000
Treball de fi de grau – Curs 2012-2013
Conducta (Psicologia)
Psicologia de l'aprenentatge
Processament humà de la informació
The underestimation of compliance to direct help requests explained by adaptive sampling
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/226542021-03-23T09:19:40Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Daumal Pla, Rosa
author
2014-09-03
Centered in unfavorable upward moral comparison, the aim of this project is first to/nanalyze the different theories regarding moral threat from an external view, and then prove that it can also be applied to the conscious organic consumer./nFor this purpose, two experiments were done in two completely different settings in/nBarcelona: (1) BioCultura 2014, a bio fair where conscious consumers and companies and organizations related to the organic sector meet each year, with 82 participants asked to answer a survey while waiting in line for a conference; and (2) an Architecture class from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, with 73 surveys identical to the first experiment answered when students assisted in an exam review class./nOur results concluded that there is in fact a difference when perceiving a moral versus a/nneutral driven man, and that him being moral made participants value him more positively in both experiments, albeit lower in the second experiment. However, adding an extra imperfection manipulation resulted in a higher likeability of the moral person compared to the neutral one.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22654
Organic food consumers: Does moral threat affect our perceptions of morally driven organic consumers?
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/220012018-01-24T08:32:07Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Fisher, Albert
author
2014-02-05
In this paper I show that employees tend to procrastinate when they are expected to decide whether or not they would like to save using the defined contribution pension scheme offered by their employer. By auto-enrolling the employees or asking them to decide before a given deadline, employers can mitigate some of the problems caused by employee procrastination. However both of these mechanisms present their own problems, caused by default stickiness and other issues, so I discuss how employers can decide which is the right mechanism to use depending on the characteristics of their employees, and how to minimize the problems these mechanisms can cause.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22001
Treball de fi de grau – Curs 2013-2014
Procrastinació
Pensions de jubilació
Plans de pensions
Plans personals de jubilació
Pensions and procrastination : how can employers help their employees save for the future?
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/220022018-01-24T08:15:42Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Iruretagoyena Arriaza, Miren
author
2014
The concept of co-operativism is analysed in this report. As an introduction to the subject, the values that socially friendly businesses work with are mentioned, as well as, the basic differences with regard to capitalist companies. In order to broaden the model, seven basic principles that drive such companies are analysed. Recently, due to the economic crisis, many capitalist companies have changed their way of running the business and have opted for cooperatives. Therefore, the steps they have to follow to become part of this view will be considered. So as to introduce a more critical view, benefits and drawbacks of cooperative companies will be borne in mind. In addition, no theoretical model is complete if real examples are not provided, thus in the final part, four companies will be studied. The first one being a company that has always been part of a group of cooperatives and which has enjoyed positive results all over; the second one, a company that has experienced the benefits of leaving the group; the third one, the cornerstone of such group, whose effort to relaunch the company have failed; and the final one, an acquired company whose future is uncertain due to its parent company's decline. To conclude, the final section is going to be devoted to heighten the problems that cooperatives have and which may have compromised their status as alternative models to capitalism.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22002
Treball de fi de grau – Curs 2013-2014
Cooperativisme
Cooperativisme - S. XXI
Crisi financera global, 2007-2009
Negocis
Cooperatives
An insight into co-operativism
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/222022018-01-24T08:20:59Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Alarcón Heras, Oriol
author
Gordi Margalef, Albert
author
2014-04-02
The final year project came to us as an opportunity to get involved in a topic which has appeared to be attractive during the learning process of majoring in economics: statistics and its application to the analysis of economic data, i.e. econometrics./nMoreover, the combination of econometrics and computer science is a very hot topic nowadays, given the Information Technologies boom in the last decades and the consequent exponential increase in the amount of data collected and stored day by day. Data analysts able to deal with Big Data and to find useful results from it are very/ndemanded in these days and, according to our understanding, the work they do, although sometimes controversial in terms of ethics, is a clear source of value added both for private corporations and the public sector. For these reasons, the essence of this project is the study of a statistical instrument valid for the analysis of large datasets which is directly related to computer science: Partial Correlation Networks./nThe structure of the project has been determined by our objectives through the development of it. At first, the characteristics of the studied instrument are explained, from the basic ideas up to the features of the model behind it, with the final goal of presenting SPACE model as a tool for estimating interconnections in between elements in large data sets. Afterwards, an illustrated simulation is performed in order to show the power and efficiency of the model presented. And at last, the model is put into practice by analyzing a relatively large data set of real world data, with the objective of assessing whether the proposed statistical instrument is valid and useful when applied to a real multivariate time series. In short, our main goals are to present the model and evaluate if Partial Correlation Network Analysis is an effective, useful instrument and allows finding valuable results from Big Data./nAs a result, the findings all along this project suggest the Partial Correlation Estimation by Joint Sparse Regression Models approach presented by Peng et al. (2009) to work well under the assumption of sparsity of data. Moreover, partial correlation networks are shown to be a very valid tool to represent cross-sectional interconnections in between elements in large data sets./nThe scope of this project is however limited, as there are some sections in which deeper analysis would have been appropriate. Considering intertemporal connections in between elements, the choice of the tuning parameter lambda, or a deeper analysis of the results in the real data application are examples of aspects in which this project could be completed./nTo sum up, the analyzed statistical tool has been proved to be a very useful instrument to find relationships that connect the elements present in a large data set. And after all, partial correlation networks allow the owner of this set to observe and analyze the existing linkages that could have been omitted otherwise.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22202
Treball de fi de grau – Curs 2013-2014
Anàlisi de xarxes (Planificació)
Econometria
Models economètrics
Partial correlation : Network analysis
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/226592018-01-24T08:30:48Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Felip Díaz, Elisenda
author
Martínez Ruiz, Meritxell
author
Villà Aguilar, Xavier
author
2014-09-09
The general purposes of this project are to analyze the welfare of the elderly and assess their willingness to change their retirement options. We want to investigate if it/nwould be a profitable business opportunity to offer to theretirees the opportunity to move abroad where they would enjoy better living conditions at a lower price./nWe structure The project by firstly providing some statistical evidence and by citing some literature in order to have a clearer picture of the retirement industry global situation. Afterwards, we focus on the Spanish situation to analyze if there exists a possible target interested in our services. We do so by initially giving external data and/nThen complementing with our own research, based on our own survey, to give a more /nAccurate picture of the possible customers and their preferences. To conclude, we define our Target customer and carry out a brief market analysis to select a suitable country and Finally design a simple business project./nAfter conducting the statistical study, we were able first to assess that there was actually a business opportunity for rendering a service offering Spanish elderly a program to retire abroad. And secondly we managed to infer the characteristics of our target group: people between 55 and 65 years old, who felt that their future income would not be enough to cover their expenses and without grandchildren. Given their preferences, the most suitable country to carry the business project would be Costa Rica. The development of the business project in detail could be an interesting topic for a future project.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22659
Globalizing the elderly: an alternative living for the Golden Age
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/226872018-01-24T08:03:54Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Acuña Canals, Ana
author
Escobar Herrerias, Adriana
author
2014-10-01
There is an ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of subliminal advertising. In order to participate in the controversy and have a say in the topic we conducted an experiment in which we tested the following hypothesis: sexually aroused people will feel more attracted by the images containing sexual subliminal messages. We showed half the people in our sample 5 advertisements with sexual content with the purpose to increase their arousal; the other half watched 5 neutral advertisements. After that, all participants chose the image they liked most from each of the 7 pairs. The images were identical, except for the fact that one image had a sexual embed, and the other did not. Although the results are not statistically significant except for one case, they show a trend towards our predictions. We conclude that the experiment is worth to be repeated and we describe some implications.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22687
Subliminal advertising : new experimental data on the power of sexual embeds
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/227642018-01-24T08:03:42Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Sans Fuentes, Carles
author
2014-10-28
This final degree was an opportunity for me to investigate in one of the most /ninteresting fields from economics: the analysis of real financial data with statistics for /nthe understanding of the stock market. The methods of data analysis, specifically/neconometrics, statistics or data analysis have evolved exponentially during these last /ndecades because of the recent availability of huge amounts of information. Thanks to /ncomputer science and the huge amounts of available data (which is also called Big /nData), the evaluation of these large quantity of information and the extraction of /nmeaningful results can be accomplished cost effectively. This assessment given by data analysts provides valuable information to public and private companies to better /nmanage their resources. The scope of this final degree project is to learn how to use /none of the tools used in Big Data analysis as well as applying it to the project: Partial /nCorrelation Networks with a multivariate time series analyzed with the LASSO /nestimation technique./nFirstly, the features of the instruments used in the project are explained. Specifically, /nthe statistical models and tools used to produce illustrated network graph and tables /nthat displays the correlations among different elements of the data set. This has also /nbeen performed with Garch (1,1), which is a model that fits quite well financial data. /nFinally, empirical data analysis has been made in order to conclude the project with /nsome findings that can give interesting results for the understanding of the data set/nused./nThe project results indicate the Partial Correlation networks by Joint Sparse /nRegressions Models approach presented by Peng et al. (2009) is an effective analysis /ntool. This method does assume data sparsity.. Additionally, conditional temporary /ndependence across different variables in time has proved to work well under different /ndata sets, and also in the data from this project. /nOut of the many tools and techniques available, this project implemented only the /nLASSO estimation technique in partial correlation networks using returns on financial /ndata and Garch residuals. For this reason, the scope of this project is limited. There /ndifferent areas and analysis that could be done to the same data, so that it has just /nbeen taken some of them that are considered relevant. Also, the choice of giving /nvalues to the parameter lambda is also limited since it has been analyzed only eight of /nthem. For these reasons, the project is limited and deeper analysis on the data could /nbe done in order to be more complete./nThe purpose of this project is to report an analysis about a multivariate time series /ndata set and understanding how the tools described above are used and implemented.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22764
Partial correlation network analysis : is IBEX intercorrelated?
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/262602018-01-24T08:32:02Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Zhao, Ruyi
author
2016
Even though many (probably most) people, would think that the music industry is still/ngrowing, figures show that this sector is shrinking. However, the United States and South/nKorea reported good trends on their revenues. This paper aims to provide a better/nunderstanding of the music industry of an emerging country (South Korea) compared to/nthe leader in the industry (the United States). The four elements of the marketing mix/nare used to explore their music industry and to identify the differences and similarities/nbehind their successes. This study shows that their promotion of the music industry is/nfairly similar, the place is similar, but the distribution strategy is different, and their/nproduct and price are completely different. The similarities found are mainly related to/nthe globalization through the internet. By contrast, the differences are derived from/nhistorical, cultural and economic aspects.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/26260
Marketing mix of the music industry in the United States and South Korea
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/372612019-05-23T01:31:00Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Carmona, Sandra
author
Lajara, Cinta
author
Torvà, Anna
author
Trobat, Maria
author
2019
The role of commodification in different fields has been subject of several studies in the past. There is yet no evidence that the exposure to a commodified situation may undermine how comfortable people feel, in contrast to their perceived level of comfort in the same, non-commodified situation. Results suggest that a drop in comfort occurs when brands are used to commodify a meaningful experience. One possible explanation to this phenomenon could refer to the extrinsic motivation entailed by commodified experiences. In addition, evidence shows that this reduction is highly correlated with the level of affinity people have with brands and that it is presumably independent from their personality traits.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/37261
How the exposure to a commodified experience may undermine its perceived comfort
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/422412023-07-10T09:41:42Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Borrellas i Martín, Pol
author
2019
The purpose of this paper is to determine whether restricting contractual freedom in the rental housing market is an effective mechanism to maximize social welfare. For this, the author analyzes the most significant measures enacted by the Spanish government in March 2019 and discusses their potential long- term effects. The examinations are based on principles of economic theory and empirical evidence from literature. Contractual regulation is shown to directly cause undersupply of rental housing and upward pressure to prices. Additionally, low-income tenants, who are more likely to have a precarious work and spend a larger proportion of their disposable income on housing, appear to be the most severely affected because lessors cannot effectively hedge against the higher risk this type of lessee entails. Indirect effects, such as inefficient allocation of resources, suboptimal labor mobility and discrimination of tenants are also discussed. It is found that contractual freedom, legal certainty, ease of construction and judicial efficiency are the key drivers for an efficient rental housing market, which maximizes social welfare.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/42241
The effects of contractual regulation on the rental housing market
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/422432019-09-09T09:06:24Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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De la Torre Cuevas, Pablo
author
García Thorgersen, Erik
author
Simón Rúa, Martín
author
Vázquez Echeveste, Lucía
author
2019
The Spanish real estate market has been a major target of institutional investors in recent years. This paper focuses on studying the degree of institutionalization of the Spanish student housing market through the study of 4 hypothesized determinants: the disappearance of the capitalization rate premium over traditional real estate asset classes, the professionalization of the supply, the substitution of direct investment vehicles for indirect investment vehicles and the consolidation of student housing companies
and investors. Moreover, it provides a comparison with the American and British student housing markets. Our findings suggest that the market is not fully institutionalized, but it is showing a positive trend towards this status.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/42243
The Spanish student housing market : a comparative analysis of its institutionalization process
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/452882020-09-16T01:30:42Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Sanginés-Uriarte Dooly, Joel
author
Trepat i Izquierdo, Adrià
author
2020
As city traffic increases across the globe, congestion within cities is becoming more of an issue. Many cities have already implemented congestion charges, and the general consensus has been that it has brought about a positive impact for city populations as a whole. Considering the worrying rise in congestion - and pollution - in the city of Barcelona, and while commending the recent Zona de Baixes Emissions (Low Emission Zone) system approved by the city council to thwart this, we propose an alternative: applying a congestion charge to Barcelona. We collected data from four different cities that already implemented congestion charges: Singapore, London, Stockholm, Gothenburg. This data was used to build different linear and nonlinear regression models that were compared, and the selected model was used to forecast the congestion charge prices and their subsequent reductions in traffic. In this thesis we argue in favor of the implementation of the congestion charge based on both theoretical evidence and empirical evidence garnered through these statistical models.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/45288
Circumventing traffic and pollution in Barcelona : why congestion pricing is
preferable to a low emission zone
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/462172021-01-21T02:30:59Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Sans Cipolliti, Ricardo
author
2020
This End-of-Degree project is intended to assess if the combination of two different statistical models —ARMA and GARCH— can perform better than the common buy and hold strategy, as well as other simple strategies. There are two different reasons for me to write this paper. The first of them is an academic motivation to apply the studies carried out in a particular course I enrolled in, Forecasting Techniques, and test the accuracy of the models learned in the field of Finance.
The second is a personal motivation to deep into the financial markets and assess the difficultness of investing in them. The project as such will firstly consist of an introduction where we will debate opposed ideas on the notion of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, then we will discuss the different types of existing analytical methods for understanding and investing in those markets and, finally, we will delve into the empirical part, where we will be using R to test the performance of all the models. In the end, we will have enough proofs to ascertain that the ARMA-GARCH outperforms the rest, yet there will be some caveats to it.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46217
Comparative effectiveness of the ARMA-GARCH over simple strategies
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/462392021-01-22T02:30:56Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716col_10230_20718
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Roig Salvat, Cèlia
author
Salvadó Pérez, Pol Xavier
author
Tous Tendero, Maria Teresa
author
2020
Micromobility represents an important development in shared urban mobility. However, as happens with every disruptive economic activity, regulators find themselves with the urgent need of establishing a legal framework that balances the interests of operating companies and the needs of users while protecting the citizens. This is what eCooltra is experiencing nowadays. The firm, whose activities are carried out in Barcelona and Milan, among other European cities, is seeing how it is subject to a licensing scheme in Barcelona while it finds itself with a more beneficial legal environment in Milan. These realities, and the evolution of the processes deriving from them, will impact the firm’s business plan in several parts. The main objective of this study is to understand how these regulatory environments affect the firm and what impact do they represent to key areas of its business plan. Lastly, recommendations are drawn for the firm in order to respond to the environment challenges.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46239
Micromobility and municipal regulatory changes : the case of eCooltra
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/464642021-02-23T02:30:45Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Iglesias Troche, Iván
author
Martí Trull, Neus
author
2020
Current literature identifies positive correlations between pollution and corruption, ceteris paribus. This project examines this relation with data from Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index and from greenhouse gas emissions in CO2 equivalent from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). We find that this relation is stronger when taking into account the total emissions per 1000USD in GDP but weakens when we take into account the change of emissions per 1000 USD between 1990 and 2012. We also found that the country emissions decreased from 1990 to 2008, and did so more greatly as countries were less corrupt; but did not change much from 2008 to 2012, during Kyoto’s first commitment period.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46464
Are greenhouse gas emissions correlated with corruption? : a study on the relation between pollution and corruption through the Kyoto Protocol participants
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/489322021-11-23T11:38:24Zcom_10230_16441com_10230_20647col_10230_48930col_10230_20716
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Carnerero Requena, Laura Maria
author
Carvajal López, Sara Joana
author
Moreno Marín, Marina
author
2021
The present end-of-degree paper explores the gap on food loss initiatives currently existing in Spain. It first gives an overview of the overall situation with a theoretical framework analyzing the Spanish food loss and waste market. After that, it focuses on the food loss concept and the present situation in the country, to find that there is potential for an innovative idea to increase circularity regarding food wastage at the first stages of the food chain. Finally, with the idea that food scraps for one party can be a resource for another, it develops a business model centered in Catalonia. Finally, it shows that with the right resources and capabilities, a network of cooperation and collaboration can be established among agents at the beginning of the food chain, and that this collaboration could be facilitated through a platform aiming at connecting businesses to positively impact themselves, society and the environment.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/48932
A food loss solution from a B2B perspective for the Catalan market
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/489442021-11-11T02:31:20Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Sallent Moral, Maria
author
Pérez Benítez, Nerea
author
Valenzuela Samper, Paula
author
2021
The past Global Financial Crisis caused real difficulties in business across the world, and Spain was no exception. In an environment of uncertainty and turmoil, increased focus on the reliability of financial information must be made and, in turn, on audit reports. The recent literature identifies construction and manufacturing as the most affected sectors, as well as changes of auditor as a consequence of an unfavorable audit opinion. This project aims to analyse the impact of the 2008 crisis on audit opinions by studying a sample of 320 large companies in Catalonia, and see which types of material misstatements are most common before and after the crisis and other company characteristics. Our research reveals that there are indeed more qualified opinions after the crisis than before, and that the majority of misstatements found after the crisis are related to lacking information on related parties. We find that the majority of the most affected companies are from the manufacturing sector, but there is no evidence that companies with more qualified opinions change auditor more often.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/48944
A study of audit opinions before and after the 2008 financial crisis: how do crises affect the reliability of financial information?
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/489562021-11-12T02:31:47Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Bernadas Sigüenza, Joan
author
Cantera Ruiz, Víctor
author
Gardinetti Salazar, Alessandro
author
Sánchez Rico, Óscar
author
2021
Stock splits represent corporate cosmetic events which should theoretically not alter the fundamentals of a company. However, extensive literature analyses the effects of stock splits on publicly traded companies’ capitalization, liquidity and ownership structure.
Applying the methodology used by academic experts studying the NYSE and NASDAQ stock exchange markets, we analyze a sample of Spanish companies which undertook a split between 2001 and 2018. Our aim is to examine the effects that stock split events generate on the liquidity of publicly traded Spanish companies and compare the results with previous literature.
Using as a proxy of liquidity the percentage bid-ask spread, our findings suggest that stock splits damage the liquidity of the security traded.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/48956
Analysis of motives and trends in stock splits in the Spanish stock market: do stock splits improve liquidity?
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/489682021-11-13T02:31:23Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Cañas Verdugo, Adriana
author
Martínez Aldeguer, Carlota
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Romero Martínez, Alba
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Vila Rodríguez, Irene
author
2021
E-commerce sales have been growing steadily for the past two decades. Remarkably, online purchases across the grocery industry have been experiencing an enormous increase, with the coronavirus pandemic boosting, even more, these growing orders. According to a report published earlier this year by Nielsen, in May, 44% of global consumers were shopping online weekly, while only 9% were regularly doing so before the pandemic. Although this fast growth has stabilized during the last months, its impact on e-grocery commerce is unquestionable: covid-19 has contributed to the decrease of in-store purchasing, accelerating e-grocery demand, and shortening the time-frame for disruptive innovation in the supply chain.
This project aims to inquire into potential logistic solutions that can solve the new challenges of this era. It will be shown that, after analyzing the different distribution strategies, the micro-fulfillment model appears to have a great future projection. Combining the speed of local delivery with the efficiencies of robotics, this feasible distribution strategy achieves to reduce the distance with customers, increasing the speed of delivery and decreasing logistic costs. After the exploration of this model's benefits and limitations, this paper presents the factors that have been found to be the drivers of micro-fulfillment in the U.S., through a deep analysis of the trends in the North American e-grocery market. Lastly, it focuses on seeking similar tendencies in the Spanish market with the goal of analyzing if these are enough for the implementation of this distribution strategy.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/48968
The future of e-grocery. A study of the micro-fulfillment model: with a focus on the Spanish grocery market
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/489782021-11-16T02:31:31Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Plaza Rey, Laura
author
Zayas Molina, Sara
author
2021
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the US macroeconomic environment in the value of Tesla's treasury as well as to study the pros and cons of an alternative way to store value based on the acquisition of bitcoin, a cryptocurrency which is expected to increase its value in the near future. In a context in which factors such as an increasing cost of capital and currency risk may decrease the value of treasury if cash is maintained static, companies are seeking alternative ways to maintain or even increase the value of their treasury without losing liquidity. Bitcoin is gaining importance in society and several finance experts are debating on the possibility that bitcoin will become the new way to store value known as the digital gold.
Companies such as Tesla have already acquired some bitcoin in recent times. The paper will analyze the causes that have brought Tesla to take this action and how bitcoin might be able to solve many of the inconveniences of maintaining cash static in treasury. Moreover, it will assess the impact of an earlier acquisition of bitcoin in the current Tesla’s financials. It will also be studied the expected future for the bitcoin market and which is therefore the predicted gain on acquiring bitcoin versus maintaining cash static.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/48978
Analysis of the US macroeconomic environment and its implications towards Tesla's treasury regarding a bitcoin acquisition
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/490432021-11-24T02:31:35Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716col_10230_48930
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Carrera Vidal, Mireia
author
2021
Our planet has undergone other periods of significant environmental change before. However, the last 150 years of human activity have threatened the planet’s stability, with experts saying we have entered the Anthropocene epoch; an era in which humanity, through the massive impact of the world economy, is creating major disruptions of Earth’s physical and biological systems. The urgency for action is obvious, but are we directing our efforts to the right cause? This thesis wants to highlight the importance of addressing economic growth in the fight for the planet, establishing it as one of the main drivers of the ecological crisis. It analyses how the economic growth imperative has occupied its place in our societies, to then explore how to reconcile the relationship between growth and sustainability through different paths. The main findings establish that degrowth is the proposal with more potential to save the planet on time, and so more specific issues and points to tackle from a degrowth perspective are described at the end of the thesis, to guide societies and present further research points.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/49043
The role of economic growth on environmental impact: a study of its causes, consequences, and future action to take by developed countries
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/545732022-10-26T01:32:27Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Cánovas Robles, Mireia
author
Cashell Múgica, Miren Fiona
author
Llopart Gonzalo, Andrea
author
Puigpelat Giné, Anna
author
2022-07-19
The hospitality industry in Spain is highly competitive, especially the restaurant sector due to the saturation of the market which complicates firms’ successes. However, the gourmet hamburger chain Goiko was able to launch in the middle of an economic crisis and is currently present all over the country. The main objective of this project is to analyse the process of expansion of Goiko. To do so, both its business model and its growth strategy are assessed. The focus of the study is the country of Spain, where Goiko has its main presence, but also France, the country chosen by the company to start its internationalisation. This project also provides the insights of the globalisation strategy followed and tries to unravel the key questions and the motivation behind the decision making. To conclude, an experimental analysis is conducted to compare both Spanish and French consumers with the objective of determining the viability to follow the same expansion pattern in France as in Spain. Lastly, recommendations about how to continue with the internationalisation strategy are drawn.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/54573
The expansion of Goiko: national and international strategies taken to consolidate a brand
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/577782023-08-04T01:30:39Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Placer Charles, Jon
author
Tortes Espinal, Sergi
author
Vilà Villegas, Abdon
author
2023-07-31
The main objective of this paper is to study whether cryptocurrencies have the potential of becoming an off-the-record payment method and whether they are widely used for money laundering purposes. Furthermore, it also intends to analyse the relationship between the adoption of such innovative financial instruments and illicit activities in a predetermined sample of countries. Methods Used: In this report quantitative and qualitative analysis were combined. On the one hand, data from 12 different cryptocurrencies was collected to carry out a comparison between them and their characteristics. On the other hand, new characteristics and KPIs were analysed, this time to draw a comparison between cryptocurrencies and physical money. Finally, more data was collected of a sample of 72 countries. All this data was used to conduct a statistical regression with the program R to find correlation between the variables, and see what patterns they may show.
Findings and Conclusions: After analysing the above mentioned correlations and variables, it was concluded that indeed some characteristics of cryptocurrencies enable money laundering (and the use of dirty money), such as decentralisation, stability and return. Furthermore, cryptocurrencies were also found more favourable in terms of criminality for its portability and digital nature. Finally, when each sample country’s jurisdiction was analysed it was found that, even though each country has its particularities, it should
be understood that cryptocurrencies are becoming more and more common, and that the general public is accessing them with more frequency. Policymakers ought to be careful, and take them into account when updating policies that include topics such as bribery, corruption, etc.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/57778
Financial crimes 4.0: cryptocurrency: outlaws’ most ingeniously disguised scheme
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/580842023-10-18T01:30:29Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Montlló Marcé, Maria
author
Vallès Topas, Sònia
author
2023-10-17
The primary objective of this thesis is on the one hand, to understand how the organic industry works, from the productors and retailers point of view. On the other hand, is to provide some strategic recommendations to Ametller Origen related to its international expansion based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis made through the whole project. Additionally we have identified the following specific objectives:
- Understand how consumer trends are changing day-to-day and which are the main topics that stand out that will rule the short and long-term consumption pattern models.
- Learn how the vertical integration business model works, applied to the Ametller Origen, a company in the agro-food sector.
- Building upon Ametller Origen unique business model and understanding which have been the key success factors for the organization and the elements that helped the company to succeed in a constantly changing environment.
The motivations to choose Ametller Origen are because all our group members highly value Ametller Origen’s mission, to bring families closer to healthy and balanced diets, as well as the support they give to national producers, assuring that all the process, from the cultivation and production to the selling, is sustainably and consciously carried out. We are also interested in strategic consulting and as we identified the opportunity for Ametller Origen to expand outside the Catalan market, we decided to analyze further this possibility. As a consideration, this thesis is not intended to be a financial thesis, but we aim to provide strategic recommendations to Ametller Origen. As well, we have assumed, to facilitate the data recollection, that Ametller Origen can be considered a key player in the organic market, thus, this has been the analyzed market. Regarding the methodology, a research has been conducted to understand the whole context Ametller Origen is in, followed by a quantitative analysis of variables to assess which is the best market for internationalization, finalizing with a qualitative analysis of the organic market and its potential growth in the chosen country. At the end of the thesis, a recommendation will be released.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/58084
Strategic plan for Ametller Origen: analysis of a successful business model and proposal to internationalize in a new market
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/589822024-02-08T02:30:38Zcom_10230_20647com_10230_16441col_10230_20716
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Alaminos Pardos, Paula
author
Andreu Smart, Elena
author
Martret Jané, Paula
author
2023
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) on the well-being of society, focusing on the case of the digital Euro by the European Central Bank. The continuous evolution of money and the payment system has made CBDCs become an indispensable instrument to preserve the role of central bank money. The European Central Bank is aware of how the future of banking is related to the use of new technologies such as blockchain and the digitalization of currencies. However, the impact the digital Euro would have on society is still uncertain. Defining the welfare of society in terms of accessibility and inclusion, privacy, financial stability and legal rights and protection of citizens, the paper will conduct a qualitative analysis of CBDCs and the digital Euro, followed by a quantitative analysis, with the help of statistical models, of the effect the introduction of the digital Euro would have on the welfare of society.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/58982
The impact of the introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) on the welfare society: a study of the special case of the digital euro