2024-03-28T22:49:54Zhttp://oai-repositori.upf.edu/oai/requestoai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/165242018-01-24T08:01:35Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Do women in female-dominated occupations exit the labour market more? Evidence from Italy, Spain, Denmark and the UK
Guinea Martín, Daniel
Solera, Cristina
Rol sexual en l'ambient de treball -- Itàlia
Rol sexual en l'ambient de treball -- Espanya
Rol sexual en l'ambient de treball -- Dinamarca
Rol sexual en l'ambient de treball -- Gran Bretanya
Discriminació sexual en el treball -- Itàlia
Discriminació sexual en el treball -- Espanya
Discriminació sexual en el treball -- Dinamarca
Discriminació sexual en el treball -- Gran Bretanya
Dones -- Treball -- Itàlia
Dones -- Treball -- França
Dones -- Treball -- Dinamarca
Dones -- Treball -- Gran Bretanya
3 - Ciències socials
Literature on sex occupational segregation has typically focused on the micro and macro determinants of it, on mobility patterns over the life course, on implications of segregation and mobility for gender inequalities. Rarely the link between sex-type occupations and women’s risk of labour market interruptions over family formation has been explored. In this piece of work we shall analyse whether women who are working in the female-dominated, male-dominated or integrated occupations have more or less chances to remain attached to the labour market, controlling for qualifications, class, sector and contract positions. By drawing from ECHP, and comparing Italy, Spain, Denmark and the UK, we shall in particular see whether such connection varies across countries with different institutional and cultural configurations.We find that, ceteris paribus, only in the UK the sex-composition of an occupation matters: women in female occupations are more likely to move to inactivity than women in mixed or male occupations. In the other countries considered the main cleavages lie elsewhere. In Italy what matters most is the sector of employment (public vs. private). In Spain the sector is relevant too, but also social class and the type of contract held (permanent vs. temporary). In Denmark women’s transitions to inactivity are largely independent of human capital and job characteristics.
2012-06-21
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/196886
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/16524
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 47
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
24 p.
application/pdf
RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/164462018-01-24T08:25:35Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Paternal involvement and children's developmental stages in Spain
Gracia, Pablo
Pares i fills -- Espanya
Pares i infants -- Espanya
Infants -- Criança -- Espanya
Educació familiar -- Espanya
3 - Ciències socials
How does fathering change across children’s developmental stages and how do these changes vary by educational levels and women’s employment? To investigate this, I use the „2003 Spanish Time Use Survey‟ (N = 2,941) for a sample of heterosexual couples with children of different ages. I differentiate between physical (i.e. feeding, supervising, putting children to bed) and interactive child care activities (i.e. speaking to, playing with, teaching the child). Fathers‟ education strongly influences how much fathers participate in physical care in families with preschoolers, a stage in which these activities are particularly important for children’s physical, social, and emotional development. For interactive care, a significant education gradient emerges when the youngest child is aged 3 to 5, when the acquisition of complex linguistic, conceptual, and social skills is critical for later school success. Mother’s employment significantly influences father’s physical child care with preschoolers. This suggests that empowering Spanish women to participate in the labor market promotes gender equity in the household division of child care.
2012-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/187391
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/16446
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 46
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
22 p.
application/pdf
RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/162882018-01-24T08:25:53Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
A reassessment of family reunification in Europe. The case of Senegalese couples
Baizán, Pau
Beauchemin, Cris
González-Ferrer, Amparo
Senegal -- Emigració i immigració
Estrangers -- Relacions familiars
Emigracio i immigració -- Europa
Famílies immigrants -- Europa
3 - Ciències socials
Contemporary policy makers in most European destination countriesexpress a great concern about reunification of migrants’ families. Newrestrictions multiply in almost all countries, on the grounds thatmigrants would take advantage of a too lax system and that it wouldfoster an influx of non-desirable migrants. So far, quantitative evidenceis scarce on migrants’ practices in matter of family reunification.Taking advantage of a unique longitudinal dataset that includesSenegalese individuals surveyed both at origin (in Senegal) and inEurope (France, Italy and Spain), we perform event-history analyses toshow three things. First, couple separation is very often a long lastingsituation. Second, when separated because of international migration,wives and husbands do not only reunify in Europe but quite commonlyin Senegal. And third, those who reunify in Europe are those who arethe most adapted or adaptable to the European culture and economy.
2012-03-07
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/180162
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/16288
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 44
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
28 p.
application/pdf
RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2582018-01-24T08:28:30Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
El efecto del empleo, el paro y los contratos temporales en la baja fecundidad española de los años 1990
Baizán, Pau
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Fecunditat humana -- Espanya
Dones -- Treball
Treball, Mercat de
Política social
España destaca en el contexto europeo tanto por sus bajos niveles de fecundidad como por sus altos niveles de paro e inestabilidad en el empleo. En este texto se investigan empíricamente los efectos de la participación laboral de las mujeres y de sus parejas sobre la fecundidad, y más específicamente el impacto de los contratos temporales y el desempleo. La perspectiva teórica utilizada se basa en el análisis de los cursos de vida individuales y subraya las influencias del contexto institucional y social. Se utiliza una muestra longitudinal del Panel de Hogares de las Comunidades Europeas, relativa a los años 1994-2001, y métodos de análisis de biografias. Los resultados indican un acusado impacto negativo de la inestabilidad en el empleo, que supone una posposición en el calendario de la fecundidad y una reducción de las tasas de fecundidad. Este efecto depresivo sobre la fecundidad es aún más intenso cuando los dos miembros de la pareja están en situación laboral precaria.
2005-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2041
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/258
spa
DemoSoc working papers; 06
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
273316 bytes
application/pdf
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2592018-01-24T08:28:36Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Government and the distribution of skills
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Recursos humans
Infants -- Desenvolupament
Mares treballadores
Mobilitat social
Pares i fills
Individuals' life chances in the future will very much depend on how we invest in our children now. An optimal human capital model would combine a high mean with minimal variance of skills. It is well-established that early childhood learning is key to adult success. The impact of social origins on child outcomes remains strong, and the new role of women poses additional challenges to our conventional nurturing approach to child development. This paper focuses on skill development in the early years, examining how we might best combine family inputs and public policy to invest optimally in our future human capital. I emphasize three issues: one, the uneven capacity of parents to invest in children; two, the impact of mothers' employment on child outcomes; and three, the potential benefits of early pre-school programmes. I conclude that mothers' intra-family bargaining power is decisive for family investments and that universal child care is key if our goal is to arrive at a strong mean with minimal variance.
2006-07
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/3534
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/259
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 17
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
668362 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2602018-12-19T17:48:14Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Women's employment and the adult caring burden
Sarasa Urdiola, Sebastià
Mestres, Josep Maria, 1959-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Dones -- Treball
Família
Europa Occidental
Demographic ageing is increasing pensions, health and social services spending and threatening the future balance of public budgets. Providing home care can help to curb health expenditure and it may improve elderly welfare also, but EU states have chosen different policies in providing home are. Main differences are related with source of financing and eligibility criteria but also with the kind of benefits (benefits in cash or in kind). How these different options affect welfare and carers’ employment opportunities is the core of this research. Home care growth is going to be more efficient as far as it pro motes employment and, public revenues consequently. Using microdata from the European Community Household Panel, British and Spanish means tested programs are compared with German and Austrian ‘in cash’ benefits, and with Danish ‘in kind’ benefits also. The results show that Danish policies are the most efficient and equitable while the British and Spanish ones are the worst.
2005-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2042
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/260
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 07
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
342343 bytes
application/pdf
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2612018-01-24T08:28:31Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Temporary employment in advanced economies: drawing lessons from Spain
Polavieja, Javier G.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Treball temporal
Treball, Mercat de
Desregulació
Espanya
This study analyses the determinants of the rate of temporary employment in various OECD countries using both macro-level data drawn from the OECD and EUROSTAT databases, as well as micro-level data drawn from the 8th wave of the European Household Panel. Comparative analysis is set out to test different explanations originally formulated for the Spanish case. The evidence suggests that the overall distribution of temporary employment in advanced economies does not seem to be explicable by the characteristics of national productive structures. This evidence seems at odds with previous interpretations based on segmentation theories. As an alternative explanation, two types of supply-side factors are tested: crowding-out effects and educational gaps in the workforce. The former seems non significant, whilst the effects of the latter disappear after controlling for the levels of institutional protection in standard employment during the 1980s. Multivariate analysis shows that only this latter institutional variable, together with the degree of coordinated centralisation of the collective bargaining system, seem to have a significant impact on the distribution of temporary employment in the countries examined. On the basis of this observation, an explanation of the very high levels of temporary employment observed in Spain is proposed. This explanation is consistent with both country-specific and comparative evidence.
2005-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2043
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/261
eng
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DemoSoc working papers; 08
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
478406 bytes
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/123552018-01-24T08:28:25Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Political mobilisation and models of trade unionism: Southern Europe in comparative perspective
Cebolla Boado, Héctor
Ortiz Gervasi, Luis
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Sindicats -- Europa del Sud
Sindicalisme -- Europa del Sud
Comitès d'acció politica -- Europa del Sud
Participació política -- Europa del Sud
Partits polítics -- Europa del Sud
Relacions laborals -- Europa del Sud
The relationship between union membership and political mobilization has been studied under many perspectives, but quantitative cross-national analyses have been hampered by the absence of international comparable survey data until the first round of the European Social Survey (ESS-2002) was made available. Using different national samples from this survey in four moments of time (2002, 2004 and 2006), our paper provides evidence of cross-country divergence in the empirical association between political mobilisation and trade union membership. Cross-national differences in union members’ political mobilization, we argue, can be explained by the existence of models of unionism that in turn differ with respect to two decisive factors: the institutionalisation of trade union activity and the opportunities left-wing parties have available for gaining access to executive power.
2011-06-29T11:32:31Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/152114
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/12355
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 42
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
28 p.
242846 bytes
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2622018-01-24T08:28:33Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Finding a suitable job: the effect of the institutional context on self-perceived over-education
Ortiz Gervasi, Luis
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Treball, Mercat de
Sistema educatiu
The current research compares the perception of over-education in four different European countries, resorting to European Household Panel Data. The results confirm that the type of educational system accounts for some of the cross-national differences in self-perceived over-education. In qualificational spaces, like Denmark, where vocational training receives more importance, self-perceived over-education is not associated as much with educational attainment as in the so-called’ organisational spaces’, like Spain, France and Italy. Yet, the results confirm that, controlling for the system of education, the traits and regulation of the labour market also have an effect on over-education. Thus, in Spain, where temporary employment has soared in recent decades, this type of contract is clearly associated with the perception of over-education, to a much higher extent than in Italy or France. Temporary contracts in Spain may not work as a steppig stone for attaining a job suitable to the training received by the individual, as they may in the case of France or Italy. In sum, not only institutions offering skills and human capital, but labour market regulation as well, have a clear impact on the incidence of over-education.
2006-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2049
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/262
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 14
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
1084446 bytes
application/pdf
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2632018-01-24T08:28:23Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Women's work histories in Italy: education as investment in reconciliation and legitimacy?
Solera, Cristina
Bettio, Francesca
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Dones -- Treball -- Itàlia
Dones -- Educació -- Itàlia
Within pre-enlargement Europe, Italy records one of the widest employment rate gaps between highly and poorly educated women, as well one of the largest differences in the share, among working women, of public sector employment. Building on these stylized facts and using the Longitudinal Survey of Italian Households (ILFI), we investigate the working trajectories of three cohorts of Italian women born between 1935 and 1964 and observed from their first job until they are in their forties. We use mainly, but not exclusively, event history analysis in order to identify the main factors that influence entry into and exit from paid work over the life course. Our results suggest that in the Italian context, where employment protection policies have also been used as surrogate measures to favour reconciliation between family and work, and where traditional gender norms still persist, education is so important for women's employment decisions because it represents an investment in 'reconciliation' and 'work legitimacy' over and above investment in human capital.
2007-05-29T17:45:31Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/4101
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/263
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 17
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
31 p.
1078906 bytes
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/123562018-01-24T08:28:26Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Parental care time in four European countries: comparing types and contexts
Gracia, Pablo
Ghysels, Joris
Vercammen, Kim
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Infants -- Criança -- Flandes (Bèlgica)
Infants -- Criança -- Espanya
Infants -- Criança -- Gran Bretanya
Infants -- Criança -- Dinamarca
Divisió del treball -- Flandes (Bèlgica)
Divisió del treball -- Espanya
Divisió del treball -- Gran Bretanya
Divisió del treball -- Dinamarca
Temps - Organització
The intensity of parental investments in child care time is expected to vary across families with different norms and time-constraints. Additionally, it should also differ across countries, since the abilities of parents to harmonize family and work vary by national context. In our opinion, however, this question remains inconclusive for two main reasons: 1) only some countries have been studied from a comparative approach; 2) previous studies have not paid enough attention to the analysis of how the conditional effects of education and employment affect parental investments.In this paper we used nationally representative time-use data from Denmark, Flanders, Spain and the United Kingdom (N=4,031) to explore how employment and education predict variations in child care time. IN Britain and Spain employment has a strong negative effect on fathers’ child care, but a weaker one in Flanders and particularly in Denmark. In contrast, maternal employment has a strong negative impact in all four countries. Education increases child care time significantly only among Spanish mothers and fathers, as well as British mothers. Nonetheless, we find that college-educated mothers under similar time-constraints increase substantially their expected child care time in Britain, Flanders and Spain; for fathers we find a more mixed picture. Routine child care activities are more sensitive to both maternal and paternal employment than interactive child care activities. Finally, we observe that working a public sector job generally increases a total time allocated to parental care, controlling for several demographic and socioeconomic variables.
2011-06-29T09:33:43Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/152113
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/12356
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 41
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/)
23 p.
475611 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2642018-01-24T08:28:21Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Who benefits from parental leave in Spain?: a life course analysis
Lapuerta, Irene
González, María José
Baizán, Pau
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Permís de paternitat - Espanya
Igualtat entre els sexes - Espanya
Treball i família - Espanya
This paper analyses the extent to which individual and workplacecharacteristics and regional policies influence the use and duration ofparental leave in Spain. The research is based on a sample of 125,165people, and 6,959 parental leaves stemming from the ‘Sample ofWorking Life Histories’ (SWLH), 2006. The SWLH consists of administrative register data which include information from threedifferent sources: Social Security, Municipality and Income TaxRegisters. We adopt a simultaneous equations approach to analyse theuse (logistic regression) and duration (event history analysis) ofparental leave, which allows us to control for endogeneity and censoredobservations. We argue that the Spanish parental leave scheme increases gender and social inequalities insofar as reinforces genderrole specialization, and only encourages the reconciling of work andfamily life among workers with a good position in the labour market(educated employees with high and stable working status).
2008-10-21T15:53:51Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/10684
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/264
eng
DemoSoc working paper; 26
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
21 p.
852480 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2652018-01-24T08:34:17Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Where do I leave my baby? use and development of early childcare in Spain
González, María José
Vidal Torre, Sergi
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Puericultura
Família -- Aspectes socials
Administració local -- Espanya
Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been a setady increase in childcare coverage for children aged 0-3 in Spain. The coverage has rised from 4 per cent in 1992 to 13.5 in 2004. Despite this positive trend, the supply of childcare services for under-3 is among the lowest in Western European countries.
2005-02
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2032
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/265
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 02
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
463094 bytes
application/pdf
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/123572018-01-24T08:28:12Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Deferred effects of nursery school on adolescents' school performance in Spain
Sarasa Urdiola, Sebastià
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Escoles bressol -- Espanya
Ensenyament preescolar -- Espanya
This research analysis the long-term effects of nursery school attendance before the age of three in Spain. The effects are measured when the individuals are adolescents and attend secondary school. The article deals with the controversy over the long-term effects of nursery school attendance and its potential effect on reducing inequalities and social exclusion. The results estimate a significant long-term effect of nursery school attendance on improving educational performance, although the beneficial effects are lower among adolescents residing in the lower status households.
2011-06-29T08:05:48Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/152112
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/12357
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 40
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
20 p.
269954 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2662018-01-24T08:28:26Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Unstable equilibrium: young adult women in family and career formation in Southern Europe
González, María José
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Treball i família
Europa del Sud -- Política familiar
Diferències entre sexes -- Aspectes socials
The paper examines the relationship between family formation (i.e., living with a partner and having children) and women’s occupational career in southern Europe (i.e., Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain). The relationship is explored by analysing the impact that different family structures and male [nvolvement in caring activities have on women’s early occupational trajectories (i.e., remaining in the same occupational status, experiencing downward or upward mobility, or withdrawing from paid work). This research shows that male involvement in caring activities does not really push women ahead in their career, but the absolute lack of male support seems to negatively affect women’s permanence in paid work. These results apply to all southern European countries except Portugal, where the absolute absence of the partners’ support in caring activities does not seem to alter women’s determination to remain in paid work. The methodology applied consists of the estimation of multinomial logit regression models and the analysis is based on eight waves (1994-2001) of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP).
2006-04
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2048
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/266
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 13
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797358 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2672018-01-24T08:28:31Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The impact of labour market status on second and higher-order births. A comparative study of Denmark, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom
Baizán, Pau
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Fecunditat humana -- Europa
Dones -- Treball
Treball, Mercat de
Estat del benestar
Política social
This paper investigates the effects of women‘s labour force participation on fertility, as well as the effects of the combined labour force participation of both members of a couple. It specifically focuses on such dimensions as unemployment, earnings, temporary contracts and part-time jobs, and it shows that their effects differ in accordance with national institutions and labour market regulations. Event-history methods and a longitudinal sample of the European Community Household Panel are used in the analyses, concerning the years 1993-2000. The results show that labour market insecurity of one or both members of a couple has a particularly strong impact in reducing birth rates in the Southern European countries studied. The more conventional model of men’s employment combined with housewifery has a positive impact on second or higher order births in United Kingdom, Spain and Italy, while in Denmark the effect is the opposite. These differences are consistent with different national models of combining parental responsibilities and participation by gender across the life course.
2005-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2046
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/267
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 11
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
236602 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2682018-01-24T08:28:32Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Immigrants in Denmark: an analysis of access to employment, class attainment and earnings in a high-skilled economy
Brodmann, Stefanie
Polavieja, Javier G.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Emigració i immigració -- Dinamarca
2007-07-13T17:33:06Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/4279
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/268
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 21
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27 p.
1348581 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/50222018-01-24T08:28:26Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
What made him change? an individual and national analysis of men's participation in housework in 26 countries
González, María José
Jurado Guerrero, Teresa
Naldini, Manuela
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Economia domèstica
Divisió del treball
We offer new evidence on multi-level determinants of the gender division of housework. Using data from the 2004 European Social Survey (ESS) for 26 European, we study the micro and macro-level factors which increase the likelihood of men doing an equal or greater share of housework than their female partners. A sample of 11,915 young men and women is analysed with a multi-level logistic regression in order to test at individual level the classic relative-income, time-availability and gender-role values, and a new couple conflict hypothesis. At individual level we find significant relationships between relative resources, values, couple's disagreement, and the division of housework which support more economic dependency than "doing gender" perspectives. At the macro-level, we find important composition effects and also support for gender empowerment, family model and social stratification explanations of cross-country differences.
2009-10-29T12:46:09Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/41841
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/5022
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 30
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
29 p.
562894 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/126532018-01-24T08:28:27Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Effects of prison work programmes on the employability of ex-prisioners
Alós, Ramon
Esteban, Fernando Osvaldo
Jódar, Pere
Miguélez, Fausto
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Presos -- Rehabilitació -- Catalunya
Presons -- Catalunya
Personal -- Motivació
This paper presents the main results of a study that relates information from the prison system with information for the Spanish Social Security in order to study the employability of the former inmates of prisons in Catalonia, Spain who obtained final release from 1/1/2004 to 31/12/2007. The results show that 43.6% of the ex-prisoners find a job after serving their sentences, but their integration in the labour market tends to be fragile, confirming that it is a very vulnerable group. It was also found that prison work has a favourable effect on employability and that vocational training could be useful for those who have not previously worked and have no education or job skills.
2011-09-28T07:36:17Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/169988
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/12653
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 43
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
18 p.
248857 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/50172018-01-24T08:28:33Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Productivities, preferences, and parental child care
Bonke, Jens
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Educació familiar
Pares i infants
We study the interplay of preferences and market productivities on parenting, and show the preferences, when identified, provide a better explanation of caring decisions than has, so far, been demonstrated in the literature. We qualify the standard finding the parental education in a key determinant of care by showing important interaction effects with marital homogamy. We find that homogamy has opposite effects on child care and couple specialization for high and low educated parents. Identification has been made possible by a unique couple-based time diary study for Denmark
2009-10-28T13:21:05Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/41822
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/5017
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 29
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
23 p.
239083 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2692018-01-24T08:28:34Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Social bases of changing income distributions
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Dones -- Treball
Renda -- Distribució
On the backdrop of very little sociological concern with rising income inequality, this paper examines how key changes in sociodemographic behaviour may help shed additional light on changes in household income distribution and especially on long-term income dynamics and inter-generational mobility. The paper argues that the joint effect of rising marital homogamy in terms of human capital and labour supply contributes generally to widen the income gap between households. Only uner very restrictive conditions, namely when the labour supply of low educated women grows dis-proportionally fast, will women's earnings contribute to more equality. Finally, the paper suggests that women's rising employment commitments contribute positively to equalizing the opportunity structure both via the income effect and if quality care is available, also via more homogenous cultural and cognitive stimulation of children. Mother's work does not generally have adverse effects for children's development.
2005-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2035
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/269
eng
DemoSoc working papers;04
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
297239 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2702018-01-24T08:28:30Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The impact of women's educational and economic resources on fertility: Spanish birth cohorts 1901-1950
Baizán, Pau
Camps Cura, Enriqueta
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Fecunditat humana -- Espanya
Dones -- Educació
Dones -- Treball
Dones -- Estudis longitudinals
Transició demogràfica
In this chapter we portray the effects of female education and professional achievement on fertility decline in Spain over the period 1920-1980 (birth cohorts of 1901-1950).A longitudinal econometric approach is used to test the hypothesis that the effects of women’s education in the revaluing of their time had a very significant influence on fertility decline. Although in the historical context presented here improvements in schooling were on a modest scale, they were continuous (with the interruption of the Civil War) and had a significant impact in shaping a model of low fertility in Spain. We also stress the relevance of this result in a context such as the Spanish for which liberal values were absent, fertility control practices were forbidden, and labour force participation of women was politically and socially constrained.
2005-09
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2044
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/270
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 09
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
381396 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2712018-01-24T08:28:32Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The Effect of occupational sex-composition on earnings: job-specialisation, sex-role attitudes and the division of domestic-labour in Spain
Polavieja, Javier G.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Dones -- Treball
Discriminació sexual en el treball
Dones -- Retorn al mercat de treball
Important theoretical controversies remain unresolved in the literatire on occupational sex-segregation and the gender wage-gap. A useful way of summarising these controversies is viewing them as a debate between - cultural -socialisation. The paper discusses these theories in detail and carries out a preliminary test of the relative explanatory performance of some of their most consequential predictions. This is done by drawing on the Spanish sample of the second wave of the European Social Survey, ESS. The empirical analysis of ESS data illustrates the notable analytical pay-offs that can stem from using rich individual-level indicators, but also exemplifies the statistical llimitations generated by small sample size and high rates of non-response. Empirical results should, therefore, be taken as preliminary. They seem to suggest that the effect of occupational sex-segregation on wages could be explicable by workers' sex-role attitutes, their relative input in domestic production and the job-specific human capital requirements of their jobs. Of these three factors, job-specialisation seeems clearly the most important one.
2007-05-29T17:17:53Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/4100
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/271
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 18
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
39 p.
593622 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2722018-01-24T08:28:31Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
When mothers work and fathers care. Joint household fertility decisions in Denmark and Spain
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Güell, Maia
Brodmann, Stefanie
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Maternitat
Desenvolupament professional
Fecunditat humana -- Europa
We analyze second birth decisions within the theoretical framework of joint household decision making, comparing two countires that represent the international extremes in terms of women's career behaviour, Denmark and Spain. Using all 8 ECHP panels we apply discrete time estimations of the likelihood of a second birth and show that in Spain, fertility behaviour continues to conform to the classic "Becker model" while in Denmark we identify a radically new behavioral pattern according to which career-women's fertility is conditional of their partners' contribution to care for the children.
2005-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2036
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/272
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 05
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
308917 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/50242018-01-24T08:34:17Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Regional child care availability and fertility decisions in Spain
Baizán, Pau
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Infants -- Criança -- Espanya
Pares i fills -- Espanya
Fecunditat humana -- Espanya
In this paper I explore two hypotheses: (1) Formal child care availability for children under three has a positive effect across contexts, according to the degree of adaptation of social institutions to changes in gender roles. Event history models with regional fixed effects are applied to data from the European Community Household Panel (1994-2001). The results show a significant and positive effect of regional day care availability on both, first and higher order births, while results are consistent with the second hypothesis only for second or higher order births.
2009-10-29T14:31:35Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/41842
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/5024
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 31
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
31 p.
306285 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/60392018-01-24T08:28:12Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The Role of social institutions in inter-generational mobility
Nolan, Brian, 1953-
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Whelan, Christopher T.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Estat del benestar
Mobilitat social
Família -- Aspectes socials
In this study we examine the role of institutions in shaping inter-generational mobility behavior. Research has traditionally emphasized the role of educational systems but cummulative evidence suggests that variations in their design offer only a very limited explanation for observed mobility differences. We examine the impact of welfare states and, in particular, how early childhood and family policies may influence the impact of economic and cultural characteristics of origin families on child outcomes.
2010-05-12T09:47:10Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/51323
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/6039
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 36
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
38 p.
274135 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/76392018-01-24T08:28:22Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Why do workers leave unions? - group differences in a Spanish Union Federation
Jódar, Pere
Alós, Ramon
Vidal Torre, Sergi
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Sindicats -- Espanya
Comisiones Obreras
This study analyses the characteristics of members leaving a Spanish union federation – Catalonia branch of Workers’ Commissions(CCOO-Catalonia), together with their reasons for leaving using avariety of data sources. Our findings indicate that higher union attritionamong members in instable employment (i.e. casual employment andlow seniority). In general, union leavers confirm that their job situationis an important reason for leaving the union. We therefore concludethat efforts made by the union to retain members in vulnerable labormarket positions are important in reducing high rates of union attritionin Spain.
2010-11-02T14:47:22Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/93886
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/7639
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 38
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
20 p.
289171 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2732018-01-24T08:28:27Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Leaving the labour market: event-history analysis of the female workers' transition to housework in Denmark, Germany, Great Britain and Spain
Ortiz Gervasi, Luis
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Dones -- Treball
Treball, Mercat de
Esdeveniment històric -- Anàlisi
Política familiar
Estat del benestar
This paper is aimed at exploring the determinants of female activity from a dynamic perspective. An event-history analysis of the transition form employment to housework has been made resorting to data from the European Household Panel Survey. Four countries representing different welfare regimes and, more specifically, different family policies, have been selected for the analysis: Britain, Denmark, Germany and Spain. The results confirm the importance of individual-level factors, which is consistent with an economic approach to female labour supply. Nonetheless, there are significant cross-national differences in how these factors act over the risk of abandoning the labour market. First, the number of trnasitions is much lower among Danish working women than among British, German or Spanish ones, revealing the relative importance of universal provision of childcare services, vis-à-vis other elements of the family policy, as time or money.
2005-02
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2031
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/273
eng
DemoSoc worling papers; 01
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2114881 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2742018-01-24T08:28:27Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Not the right job but a secure one : over-education and temporary employment in France, Italy and Spain
Ortiz Gervasi, Luis
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Mercat de treball
Treball - Estabilització
Resorting to four waves of the European Community Household Panel, this research explores the association between temporary employment and the likelihood of being over-educated. Such an association has been largely ignored by the literature explaining over-education, more inclined to attribute such a mismatch to the system of education. Selecting three similarly standarised and stratified systems of education (France, Italy and Spain) and controlling for many other variables likely to affect over-education, like gender, age, tenure, job change, firm size or sector, the paper demonstrates that such an association between temporary employment and over-education exists. Being a stepping stone towards a more stable and adjusted position in the labour market, holding a temporary employment may be associated to a higher likelihood of being over-educated. Such an association is more likely in Italy and France. Yet, the opposite sign prevails where permanent employment becomes such a valuable asset as to make individuals trade human capital by employment security. This is the case of Spain.
2008-10-17T11:42:16Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/10409
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/274
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 23
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
28 p.
560474 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/50252018-01-24T08:28:37Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Upgrading or polarization? occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990-2008
Oesch, Daniel
Rodríguez Menés, Jorge
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Treball -- Condicions -- Europa Occidental
Occupació -- Europa Occidental
Treball -- Estabilització -- Europa Occidental
This paper analyzes the pattern of occupational change in four Western European countries over the last two decades: what kind of jobs have been expanding -- high-paid jobs, low-paid jobs or both? By addressing this issue, we also examine what theoretical account is consistent with the observed pattern of change: skill-biased technical change, skill supply evolution or wage-setting institutions? Our empirical findings show a picture of massive occupational upgrading that closely matches educational expansion. In all four countries, by far the strongest employment growth occurred at the top of the occupational hierarchy, among managers and professionals. Yet in parallel, in Britain and Switzerland, as well as in Germany and Spain after 1996 and 2002 respectively, relative employment declined more strongly in the middling occupations (among clerks and production workers) than at the bottom (among interpersonal service workers). This slightly polarized pattern of occupational upgrading is consistent with the "routinization" hypothesis that technology is a better substitute for average-paid jobs in production and the office that for low-paid jobs in interpersonal services. However, we find large cross-country differences in the employment evolution at the bottom of the occupational hierarchy, among low-paid services workers: sizeable growth in Britain and Spain, but stagnation in Germany and Switzerland. This results points towards the possibility that wage-setting institutions filter the pattern of occupational change.
2009-10-29T15:05:01Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/41843
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/5025
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 32
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
36 p.
246308 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2752018-01-24T08:28:13Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Children in the welfare state. A social investment approach
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Família
Infants
Política social
Mares treballadores
Children occupy centre-stage in any new welfare equilibrium. Failure to support families may produce either of two undesirable scenarios. We shall see a society without children if motherhood remains incompatible with work. A new family policy needs to recognize that children are a collective asset and that the cost of having children is rising. The double challenge is to eliminate the constraints on having children in the first place, and to ensure that the children we have are ensured optimal opportunities. The simple reason why a new social contract is called for is that fertility and child quality combine both private utility and societal gains. And like no other epoch in the past, the societal gains are mounting all-the-while that families’ ability to produce these social gains is weakening.In the following 1 analyze the twin challenges of fertility and child development. I then examine which kind of policy mix will ensure both the socially desired level of fertility and investment in our children? The task is to identify a Paretian optimum that will maximize efficiency gains and social equity simultaneously.
2005-11
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2045
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/275
eng
DemoSoc working paper; 10
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
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364921 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2762018-01-24T08:34:12Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Personal and household care giving for adult children to parents and social stratification
Sarasa Urdiola, Sebastià
Billingsley, Sunnee
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Política social
Solidaritat - Aspectes socials
Using SHARE database the paper explores the factors conditioning personalcare giving from adult children to their parents. Frequency and intensity ofpersonal care is contrasted with the reciprocal expectations that children haveabout wealth inheritance from their parents and with the opportunity costs of helping, as well as with the capacity of parents of getting help from othersources of personal care. The results may help to understand how inequalitiesin accessing to formal services relate with intergenerational solidarity.
2008-10-22T08:23:50Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/10685
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/276
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 27
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/)
24 p.
178200 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2772018-01-24T08:28:34Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Occupational sex-composition and earnings : individual and social effects
Polavieja, Javier G.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Rol sexual
Especialització
Estat del benestar
This paper investigates the micro and macro-level factors affecting the empirical association between occupational sex-composition and individual earnings. This is done in two analytical steps using data from the second round of the European Social Survey. In a first step, country-fixed-effects regressions are used to test the extent to which job-specialization, gender attitudes and the relative supply of domestic work can account for the impact of occupational sex-composition on earnings. In accordance with previous research, it is found that all these micro-level variables have a significant effect on the analyzed association, yet only job-specialization can explain it away by itself. In a second analytical step, macro-level interactions are tested under the hypothesis that defamilialization policies reduce the pay-offs of sphere specialization by sex, generating incentives for all types of women to invest in the labor market. Empirical results suggest that gender attitudes and the relative supply of housework are much more loosely associated to earning in social-democratic and former communist societies than in conservative or liberal regimes. This finding is interpreted as consistent with the defamilialization hypothesis.
2008-10-17T12:02:32Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/10410
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/277
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 22
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
28 p.
269345 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2782018-01-24T08:28:35Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Joint determinants of education enrolment and first birth timing in France and West Germany
Baizán, Pau
Martín García, Teresa
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Educació -- Europa
Fecunditat humana -- Europa
We examined the reciprocal influence between educational decisions and the timing of first births, using the Family and Fertility Surveys of France and West Germany. Since these two processes are potentially endogenous, we modelled them jointly, using event history models. We hypothesise that the reciprocal impact of educational and fertility careers, as well as the impact of the common determinants of both processes, are gender specific and context specific.The results show a significant endogeneity for women and men in both countries. This endogeneity is stronger for women than for men, while no substantial differences are found between the two countries. Removing this shared and unobserved heterogeneity, the results show a stronger reciprocal impact between the processes for women than for men. A similar impact of being enrolled in education on first birth in both countries is found, while the effect of the birth (and especially of the pregnancy) of the first child on terminating one’s education appeared to be more marked in West Gernany than in France.
2006-03
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2047
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/278
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 12
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
314872 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2792018-01-24T08:28:30Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Sustainable and equitable retirement in a life course perspective
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Myles, John
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Jubilació -- Aspectes econòmics
Envelliment
Seguretat social
Desenvolupament sostenible
We argue that long term sustainability of social security systems requires not only better equilibrium between the proportion in retirement and in employment but also an equitable distribution of the additional financial burden that aging inevitably will require. We examine how a proportional fixed ratios model of burden sharing between the aged and non-aged will establish inter-generational equity. Additionally we address the question of intra-generational equity and argue that the positive association between lifetime income and longevity requires more progressive financing of pensions and of care for the elderly.
2005-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2034
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/279
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 03
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
261700 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/60402018-01-24T08:34:19Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Is there a wage penalty for horizontal and vertical mismatch?
Kucel, Aleksander
Vilalta-Bufí, Montserrat
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Salaris -- Espanya
Mercat de treball -- Efecte de l'educació sobre el -- Espanya
Personal -- Formació -- Espanya
This paper studies how the horizontal and vertical mismatches in the labor market affect wage. We do so by taking into account that by choosing a job, wage and mismatches are simultaneously determined. The Seemingly Unrelated Equations model also allows us to control for any omitted variable that could cause biased estimators. We use REFLEX data for Spain. Results reveal that in most cases being horizontally matched has a wage premium and being over-educated does not affect wage. Results suggest that the modeling strategy successfully accounts for some omitted variable that affects simultaneously the probability of being horizontally matched and the wage. This could explain the existence of a wage penalty for over-educated workers when the omitted variable issue is not dealt with.
2010-05-12T07:03:45Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/51307
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/6040
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 34
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/)
25 p.
662241 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2802018-01-24T08:28:32Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The concentration of foreigners in French schools: interaction effects in place?
Cebolla Boado, Héctor
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Grups socials
Immigrants -- França
Educació -- Aspectes socials
This paper explores the existence of negative peer-group pressures derived from the concentration of foreigners in French lower secondary schools. Using different dependent variables (number of years spent in lower secondary education, grades in 4th ‘and 3rd year and track election in upper secondary schooling) the analyses indicate that the much disputed existence of significant and negative effects of the concentration of foreign students in schools depends on the methodused for the estimation. If we assume that the concentration of foreigners is a random and exogenous process, then the multivariate analyses confirm negative interactions. If, on the contrary, we question the assumption that this contextual information is not end the result of prior sorting mechanisms of individuals across social spaces, the concentration of foreigners has no statistical impact on attainment.
2006-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2051
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/280
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 16
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
721419 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/55582018-01-24T08:28:13Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Overeducation among European university graduates : a comparative analysis ot its incidence and the importance of higher education differentiation
Barone, Carlo
Ortiz Gervasi, Luis
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Ensenyament universitari - Europa
Sistema educatiu - Europa
Mercat de treball - Europa
The incidence of over-education is here assessed by applying some standard subjective and objective indicators and a new skill-based indicator of over-education to the national samples of eight European countries in the REFLEX survey. With the exception of Spain, the results reveal that over-education is a minor risk amongst European tertiary graduates. Yet, the contrast between the standard indicators and the skill-based indicator reveals the existence of an over-education of a moderate kind in countries with high tertiary attainment rates (Norway, Finland and Netherlands). Such a type of over-education does not come to the surface when applying the standard indicators. Our results also reveal the importance of higher education differentiation (i.e. field of study and branch of higher education) for understanding the risk of over-education. Graduates from humanistic fields, bachelor courses and vocational colleges are more exposed to over-education, though their disadvantage varies across-nationally to a significant extent.
2010-02-05T09:01:30Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/43768
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/5558
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 41
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
24 p.
273826 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2812018-01-24T08:28:38Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The Risk of divorce and household saving behavior
González, Libertad
Ozcan, Berkay
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Divorci
Estalvi i inversió
Diferències entre sexes - Aspectes socials
Família - Aspectes religiosos
We address the impact of an increase in the risk of divorce on the saving behavior of married couples. From a theoretical perspective, the expected sign of the effect is ambiguous. We take advantage of the legalization of divorce in Ireland in 1996 as an exogenous increase in the likelihood of divorce. We analyze the saving behavior over time of couples who were married before the law was passed. We propose a difference-in-differences approach where we use as control groups either married couples in other European countries (not affected by the law change) , or Irish families who did not experience a significant increase in the expected risk of divorce (such as very religious families). Our results suggest that the increase in the risk of divorce brought about by the law was followed by an increase in the propensity to save of married couples, consistent with a rise in precautionary savings interpretation.
2008-10-21T08:40:00Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/10683
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/281
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 25
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
26 p.
340340 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2822018-01-24T08:34:17Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Union activism in an inclusive model of industrial relations: evidence from an Spanish case
Jódar, Pere
Vidal Torre, Sergi
Alós, Ramon
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Relacions laborals - Espanya
Sindicats - Espanya
Comisiones Obreras
In this article we analyze the reasons, within the context of Spanish industrial relations, for trade union members’ active participation in their regional union. The case of Spain is particularly interesting as the unions’ main activity, collective bargaining, is a public good. The text, based on research involving a representative survey of members of a regional branch of the “Workers” Commissions” (Comisiones Obreras) trade union, provides empirical evidence that the union presence in the workplace has a significant influence on members’ propensity for activism. By contrast, the alternative hypothesis based on instrumental reasons appears of little relevance in the Spanish industrial relations context.
2008-11-10T09:39:06Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/12476
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/282
eng
DemoSoc working paper; 28
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
22 p.
195877 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/60412018-01-24T08:28:13Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The Sociology of educational mismatch
Kucel, Aleksander
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Mercat de treball -- Efecte de l'educació sobre el
Mobilitat social
3 - Classes socials
This paper studies the theoretical relationships between core research lines of sociology such as intergenerational mobility, class structure, cultural capital and educational mismatches. By educational mismatch we mean two things. Firstly an individual can be horizontally mismatched whereby their field of study is inadequate for the job. Another direction of educational mismatch is the so called vertical mismatch where worker possesses more/less education than the job requires resulting in over-/under-education. While analyzing the educational mismatches I keep present the conclusions of Rational Action Theory on individuals’ rational choices in their educational careers. I arrive to conclusions where the influences between educational mismatches and social classes are bidirectional and one can establish fairly clear theoretical links between class of origins and likelihood of being educationally mismatched.
2010-05-12T07:13:56Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/51308
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/6041
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 35
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
14 p.
659581 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/112942018-01-24T08:01:37Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Explaining parental dedication to child care in Spain
Baizán, Pau
Domínguez Folgueras, Marta
González, María José
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Educació familiar -- Espanya
Pares i infants -- Espanya
Infants -- Criança -- Espanya
The quality of the time dedicated to child care has potential positive effects on children’s life chances. However, the determinants of parental time allocation to child care remain largely unexplored, particularly in context undergoing rapid family change such as Spain. We assess two alternative explanations for differences between parents in the amount of time spent with children. The first, based in the relative resources hypothesis, links variation in time spent with children to the relative attributes (occupation, education or income) of one partner to the other. The second, derived from the social status hypothesis, suggests that variation in time spent with children is attributable to the relative social position of the pair (i.e. higher status couples spend more time with children regardless of within-couple difference).To investigate theses questions, we use a sample of adults (18-50) from the Spanish Time Use Survey (STUS) 2002-2003 (n=7,438). Limiting the analysis to adults who are married or in consensual unions, the STUS allows to assess both the quantity and quality of parental time spent with children. We find little support for the “relative resources hypothesis”. Instead, consistent with the “social status hypothesis”, we find that time spent on child care is attributable to the social position of the couple, regardless of between-parent differences in income of education.
2010-12-28T11:02:54Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/97263
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/11294
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 39
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
28 p.
261134 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2832018-01-24T08:28:33Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Do welfare benefits affect womens' choices of adult care giving?
Sarasa Urdiola, Sebastià
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Assistència social
Estat del benestar
The efficacy of social care, publicly and universally provided, has been contested from two different points of view. First, advocates of targeting social policy criticized the Matthew’s effect of universal provision and; second, theories arguing in favour of heterogeneous rationalities between men and women and, even different preferences among women, predict that universal provision of services is limiting women’s choices more than home allowances. The author tests both hypotheses and concludes that, at least in the case of adult care, women’s choices are significantly affected by women’s social positions and by the availability of public services. Furthermore, targeting through means-test eligibility criteria has no significant effect on inequality but, confirming the redistributive paradox, reduces women’s options.
2006-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/2050
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/283
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 15
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
686527 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2842018-01-24T08:28:06Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Parental investments in children: how bargaining and educational homogamy affect time allocation
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Bonke, Jens
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Infants -- Criança
Treball i família
Divisió sexual del treball
This study examines parental time investment in their children, distinguishing between developmental and non-developmental care. Our analyses centre on three influential determinants: educational background, marital homogamy, and spouses' relative bargaining power. We find that the emphasis on quality care time is correlated with parents' education, and that marital homogamy reduces couple specialization, but only among the highly educated. In line with earlier research, we identify gendered parental behaviour. The presence of boys is an important condition for fathers' time dedication, but primarly among lower educated fathers. To the extent that parental stimulation is decisive for child outcomes, our findings suggest the persistence of important inequalities. This emerges through our special attention to behavioural differences across the educational distribution among households.
2007-05-29T18:09:39Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/4102
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/284
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 20
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
24 p.
643410 bytes
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/164452018-01-24T08:34:12Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Asymmetries in the opportunity structure. Intergenerational mobility trends in Europe
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Wagner, Sander
Mobilitat social -- Europa
Mobilitat professional -- Europa
Europa -- Política social
3 - Ciències socials
It remains unclear whether social mobility is increasing in the advancednations. The answer may depend on mobility patterns within very recentbirth cohorts. We use the inter-generational module in the 2005 EUSILCwhich allows us to include more recent cohorts. Comparingacross two Nordic and three Continental European countries, weestimate inter-generational mobility trends for sons both indirectly, viasocial origin effects on educational attainment, and directly in terms ofadult income attainment. In line with other studies we find substantiallymore mobility in Scandinavia, but also that traditionally less mobilesocieties, like Spain, are moving towards greater equality. We focusparticularly on non-linear relations. Most interestingly, we revealevident asymmetries in the process of equalizing life chances, inDenmark. The disadvantages associated with low social class originshave largely disappeared, but the advantages related to privilegedorigins persist.
2012-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/184105
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/16445
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 45
L'accés als continguts d'aquest document queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
29 p.
application/pdf
RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/63372018-01-24T08:28:35Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Claves para el trabajo con la muestra continua de vidas laborales
Lapuerta, Irene
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Mercat de treball -- Espanya
Seguretat social -- Espanya|
Pensions -- Espanya
Desde el año 2005 la comunidad científica cuenta con una nueva fuente de información anual para el estudio de las dinámicas del mercado de trabajo y del sistema de previsión social de carácter contributivo en España. Sus microdatos, que reciben el nombre de Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (MCVL), proceden de tres registros administrativos: la Seguridad Social, el Padrón Continuo Municipal y la Agencia Tributaria. En este trabajo se exponen sus características fundamentales, al tiempo que se plantean algunas pautas básicas para afrontar las dificultades en el manejo de sus datos. Entre ellas destacan las peculiaridades de su estructura panel; el tratamiento del pluriempleo y las situaciones simultáneas; el modo en que se computa una relación laboral; y los problemas para la identificación de la estructura familiar.
2010-09-23T11:27:14Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/86913
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/6337
spa
DemoSoc woreking papers; 37
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32 p.
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/2852018-01-24T08:28:30Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The Generational contract in the family : explaining regime differences in financial transfers from parents to children in Europe
Kohli, Martin
Albertini, Marco
Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials
Estat del benestar
Família - Europa
The exchange of social and economic support between the generationsis one of the main pillars of both family life and welfare systems. Thedebate on how to reform the generational contract is still truncated, however, by focusing on its public dimension only, especially on pensions and health care provisions. For a full account, the transfer of resources between adult generations in the family needs to be included as well. In our previous research we have shown that intergenerationalexchange is more likely to take place but less intense in the Nordicwelfare regime than in the Continental and Southern ones. In thepresent paper we analyze the social mechanisms that create and explain this nexus between patterns of intergenerational transfers and welfare regimes. The notion that Southern European family support networksare stronger and more effective than those of Continental and Northern European countries is only partially confirmed. In Southern (and partly in Continental) countries, children are mostly supported by means of co-residence with their parents till their complete economicindependence. However, once they have left the parental home thereare fewer transfers; support tends to be restricted to children who have special needs (such as for the formation of their own family), and depends more on their parents’ resources. In the Nordic countries, in contrast, transfers are less driven by children’s needs and parentalresources.
2008-10-21T07:48:06Z
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/10681
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/285
cat
DemoSoc working papers; 24
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22 p.
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/171332019-01-18T12:34:42Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
What lies behind the devaluation of educational credentials?
Ortiz Gervasi, Luis
Rodríguez Menés, Jorge
Educació -- Espanya
Mercat de treball -- Efecte de l'educació sobre el
Sociologia de l'educació -- Espanya
3 - Ciències socials
Applying fixed-effects models to EULFS data on Spain from 1998 to2006, the paper explores the effects of educational expansion on theoccupational returns to education across different levels of education.We build an indicator of the positional value of education, based on theidea that the value of a given educational credential partly depends onthe percentage of labour market entrants who have reached that level atthe time when individuals enter the labour market -- it is higher whenfewer individuals have reached it, lower otherwise. Our analysis for theSpanish case shows that the decrease in the occupational returns toeducation goes in parallel with the decrease in the positional value ofeducation, but this devaluation of credentials has been stronger ingeneral education (e.g., in humanities or social sciences universitydegrees, or in upper secondary general education) than in specializededucation (e.g., in technical fields in the university, or in uppervocational training). We argue that the reason for this is most likely thatgeneral education provides a more diffuse signal of candidates’ skillsthan specialized education. We also find that this devaluation ofcredentials has been stronger in fields accessed by women in largernumbers in last decades.
2012-10
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/202693
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/17133
eng
DemoSoc working paper; 49
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31 p.
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RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/204792018-01-24T08:21:41Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Decisiones de empleo y cuidado en parejas de dos ingresos en España
Abril, Paco
Paternitat -- Espanya
Maternitat -- Espanya
Conciliació laboral -- Espanya
Treball i família -- Espanya
3 - Ciències socials
¿Hasta qué punto se preparan las parejas jóvenes en España para una parentalidad corresponsable? Los estudios muestran que gran parte de las desigualdades de género en las sociedades occidentales emergen y se recrudecen durante la primera maternidad/paternidad. En España existe un gran vacío en estudios que analicen la toma de decisiones y las justificaciones de los miembros de la pareja en sus decisiones sobre el cuidado de su primogénito. Esta investigación viene a suplir esta laguna en la literatura mediante un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a 136 hombres y mujeres activos (ocupados y desempleados) que esperaban su primer hijo en el año 2011. La investigación indaga sobre las justificaciones repecto a quién y cuánto tiempo disfrutará de licencias parentales o reducciones de jornada laboral, los ideales de cuidado, los planes de implicación del padre y la madre y el significado de una "buena" maternidad y paternidad.El estudio muestra que gran parte de las parejas aspiran a mantener el empleo de ambos miembros tras el parto y que, por tanto, el modelo de familia basado en dos sustentadores está ampliamente arraigado en el imaginario cultural de estas parejas. Sin embargo, en el caso de prever dificultades en la conciliación del empleo y el cuidado - situación bastante frecuente en el contexto español - las mujeres continúan mostrando una mayor predisposición a adaptar su empleo a las necesidades de la maternidad, mientras que solo una pequeña parte de los hombres entrevistados parecen dispuestos a asumir ajustes laborales importantes para atender a sus hijos y acercarse al ideal de la paternidad corresponsable.
2013-03-11
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/208017
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20479
spa
DemoSoc working papers; 48
Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús de Creative Commons, amb la qual es permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l'obra sempre que se'n citin l'autor original, la universitat i el departament i no se'n faci cap ús comercial ni obra derivada, tal com queda estipulat en la llicència d'ús
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31 p.
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RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/206272018-01-24T08:29:09Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Social capital and cognitive attainment
Rodríguez Menés, Jorge
Donato, Luisa
Capital social (Sociologia) -- OCDE, Països de l'
Joves -- Aspectes socials -- OCDE, Països de l'
3 - Ciències socials
We review the different meanings that researchers have given to theconcept of social capital, differentiate four types – bridging, bonding,linking, and overheads –, and discuss their different functions as public,club, and common goods.For each form of social capital we distinguish its productivity (acollective characteristic) from the factors that account for individual’sdifferential access to its returns, and propose alternative ways formeasuring each.We show the utility of our theoretical and measuring approach byanalyzing the impact of the each form of social capital on 15 year-oldstudents’ cognitive attainment across OECD countries, using 2006 PISAdata.The results show that students’ cognitive attainments are a direct functionof the richness or productivity of each form of social capital and ofstudents’ degree of access to each.
2013-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/2072/211297
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20627
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 50
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27 p.
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RECERCAT (Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya)
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/226212018-01-24T08:20:52Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Changes in gender role attitudes and fertility : a macro-level analysis
Arpino, Bruno
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1947-
Pessin, Léa
Dones -- Treball
Homes -- Treball
Igualtat entre els sexes
Rol de pares
Fertilitat humana
This study explores whether changes in fertility rates are associated/nwith the diffusion of gender-equitable attitudes. We argue that any/npositive effect on fertility requires not only that the level of genderequitable/nattitudes must be high overall, but also that they are similar/nfor men and women. Our analyses are based on a sample of twentyseven/ncountries using data from the World Values Surveys and/nEuropean Values Studies. We find support for a U-shaped relationship/nbetween changes in gender role attitudes and fertility: an initial drop in/nfertility is observed as countries move from a traditional to a more/ngender symmetric model. Beyond a certain threshold, additional/nincreases in gender egalitarianism become positively associated with/nfertility. This non-linear relationship is moderated by the difference in/nattitudes between men and women: when there is more agreement,/nchanges are more rapid and the effect of gender egalitarian attitudes on/nfertility is stronger.
2014-07-08
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22621
eng
DemoSoc working paper; 51
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
application/pdf
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/226232018-01-24T08:03:48Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
What drives Senegalese migration to Europe? The role of economic restructuring, labor demand and the multiplier effect of networks
Baizán, Pau
González-Ferrer, Amparo
Senegal - Emigració i immigració - Europa
Europa - Emigració i immigració - Senegal
Mercat de treball - Senegal
International migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe is poorly/nunderstood. Furthermore, existing studies pay insufficient attention to/nthe links between the micro-level factors and political, social and/neconomic processes in both origin and destination areas. Here we/nintegrate insights from institutional approaches in migration and/ndevelopment research with perspectives that highlight the role of labor/nmarket and social capital./nWe analyze the contextual and individual level determinants of/nmigration from Senegal to France, Italy and Spain since the mid-1970s./nWe examine the following hypotheses: (a) In Senegal, the deterioration/nof living conditions, heightened economic insecurity and the widening/nof social inequalities, have created the conditions for increasing outmigration/npropensities. (b) In Europe, labor market restructuring has/nincreased job opportunities in particular places and job niches. (c) In/nfacilitating access of Senegalese migrants to jobs in Europe, social/nnetworks have linked these two processes./nWe use event history models to analyze life course data from the/nMigrations between Africa and Europe survey (2008)./nOur results support institutional perspectives emphasizing the role of/nmigration as a household strategy to diversify resources and counter/ndownward social mobility. Furthermore, our analyses show that the/navailability of personal networks in Europe creates a boosting effect on/nindividual migration probabilities during periods of strong labor/ndemand. The initiation and expansion of migration between Senegal/nand Europe stem from the interplay between historically changing/nsocial and political factors at origin and destination, as well as the/nmutually reinforcing process of social capital formation and changing/nlabor market conditions.
2014-07-10
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22623
eng
DemoSoc working paper; 52
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/227142024-01-15T14:19:33Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
Mother's educational level and family structure: comparing Spain and Italy
Garriga Alsina, Anna
Sarasa Urdiola, Sebastià
Berta, Paolo
Family structure
EU-SILC database
Spain
Italy
Socio demographic composition of single mothers
Spanish regions
Italian regions
Economic crisis
Family change in Mediterranean countries
Educational level
During the second half of the twentieth century, there has been a positive relationship between single parenthood and the mother’s educational level in Spain and Italy. However, several important transformations contemplated in Goode’s theory suggest that this relationship might have been inverted in Spain but perhaps not in Italy. The purpose of our study is to test this hypothesis using EU_SILC data from waves 2005 and 2011 and logistic regressions. We found the relationship between the mother’s education and being a single mother is negative in Spain, while it is not significant in Italy. However, we found that for Italian mothers aged 40 and younger, and mothers from northwest Italy, this relationship is also negative. In contrast, for older mothers and mothers from the islands or southern Italy, this association is positive, while for mothers from the central and northeast regions, the relationship between education and single motherhood is not significant. These results show how Spain and some parts of the Italian society are moving towards family models similar to those in the northern European countries. As Sara McLanahan (2004) noted for United States, this social transformation in southern Europe cannot be considered without recognizing the potential negative consequence for future generations. The single-mother households dealing with the economic crisis which started in 2008 have lower socioeconomic backgrounds than single mothers who suffered through previous crises, and, therefore, the consequences of this crisis for children in single-parent families might be even more negative, especially in Spain.
2014
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
1435-9871
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22714
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 53
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Max Planck Society
oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/227162018-01-24T08:02:11Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The effect of gender policies on fertility: The moderating role of education and normative context
Baizán, Pau
Arpino, Bruno
Delclós Gómez-Morán, Carlos Eric
In this paper we aim to assess the extent to which individual-level completed/nfertility varies across contexts as characterized by policies that support different/ngender division of labor models. We examine key labor market and care policies/nthat shape gender relations in households and in the public domain. We also/nconsider the role of gender norms, which can act as both a moderator and a/nconfounding factor for policy effects. We hypothesize that, by facilitating role/ncompatibility and reducing the gendered costs of childrearing, policies that support/ngender equality lead to an increase in fertility levels and to a reduction in fertility/ndifferentials by level of education. We investigate two mechanisms. First, gender/nequality policies have a stronger positive impact on the better educated. Second, a/nhigh prevalence of gender equality norms in the population enhances the fertility/nimpact of these policies. Using individual-level data from the European Union/nSurvey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for 16 countries combined/nwith country-level data, we analyze completed fertility through multilevel Poisson/nmodels. We find that the national level of childcare coverage has a positive impact/non the number of children. Furthermore, its impact is greater among highly/neducated women. The overall effect of family allowances, prevalence of women’s/npart-time employment, and the length of paid leaves were also found to be/npositively associated with completed fertility, though the associations were not/nstatistically significant. However, these variables also show a significant positive/npattern according to education. A high number of average working hours for men/nhas a negative effect on completed fertility, with a strong negative pattern by/neducational level. These results suggest that policies steering gender equality have a/npositive effect on fertility, yet their effects are heterogeneous in the population. The/nprevalence of gender egalitarian norms is highly predictive of fertility levels, yet/nwe found no consistent evidence of a lower impact of gender equality policies in/ncountries where egalitarian values are less prevalent.
2014-10-14
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22716
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 55
L'accés als continguts d'aquest document queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/227172018-01-24T08:03:21Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
A functional taxonomy of the occupational structure
Rodríguez Menés, Jorge
Taxonomy
Division of Labor
Occupational Structure
Contingency theory
This paper proposes to conceptualize the division of labor functionally,/nas a response to environmental variations and instabilities that lead to/nalternative forms of horizontal – task – and vertical – role –/ndifferentiation. Relying on contingency theory, the paper describes the/nmain sources and manifestations of these two forms of functional/ndifferentiation, and the alternative modes of integrating tasks and roles/nwithin structures that are more centralized, hierarchical, and formal as/nthe environment becomes more heterogeneous and unstable. The result/nof this exercise is a rich taxonomy of the division of labor with multiple/nand clear criteria intended for classifying occupations according to their/ntechnical characteristics.
2014-10-14
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22717
eng
DemoSoc working papers; 54
L'accés als continguts d'aquest document queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/es/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/247902018-01-24T08:09:01Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
The policy context of fertility in Spain: toward a gender-egalitarian model?
Baizán, Pau
Fecunditat humana -- Espanya
Envelliment de la població -- Espanya
Espanya -- Política familiar
Família -- Espanya
Espanya -- Política social
Igualtat entre els sexes -- Espanya
Fertility levels have remained very low in Spain since the mid-1980s, implying a future rapid aging of the population. The stagnation of fertility levels is closely linked to the substantial changes in the welfare regime experienced during this period, involving shifts in the share of the cost of children between social institutions. While exchanges of care and financial support across generations are still high, including a prolonged coresidence of young adults with their parents, the role of households as providers of care and other services has substantially declined. The rapid increase in women’s labor-market participation has ledthe dual full-time earner model of family tobecome the norm, although this trend has not been matched by a similar increase in men’s unpaid work. These processes have weakened the ability of households to provide care and have created a demand for both state intervention and market solutions. The resulting care gap has been partially filled by the expansion of non-family childcare, in which the state has had an important role both as provider and regulator of the market. At the same time, childcare within the family has been undermined by policies in the domains of parental leave, part-time opportunities, and child benefits/tax allowances that provide little support to parenthood. Moreover, labor-market deregulation, focused on the young, has brought with it an increase in uncertainty about income, leading to the postponement of family transitions and depressing fertility.
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/24790
eng
DemoSoc working papers;56
L'accés als continguts d'aquest document queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/247922019-03-29T12:18:40Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
My house or our home? Entry into sole homeownership in British couples
Lersch, Philipp
Vidal Torre, Sergi
Habitatges -- Gran Bretanya
Propietat -- Gran Bretanya
It is mostly assumed that both partners in couples own their homes jointly. We challenge this assumption and examine the individual ownership configurations within couples in Britain. We argue that the individual legal status as an owner will determine to what degree individuals can benefit from homeownership. Two research questions are addressed: (1) How frequent is homeownership by only one partner, i.e. sole homeownership, in British couples?/n(2) Which factors are associated with the entry into sole homeownership? Using longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1992-2008) and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010-2011), we apply (multinomial) logistic regression and discrete- time event history analyses. We find that in 13% of unions in owner-occupancy one partner solely owns the home. Many individuals enter sole homeownership through residential stability at union formation by remaining an owner of a pre-union home. A substantial share of partnered individuals enters sole homeownership at later times during their unions. Overall, entries into sole homeownership are more likely with more economic resources, with step children living in the home and for cohabitants. Within unions, the chances to enter into sole homeownership are reduced with longer union durations. Sole homeownership is partly an outcome of demographic processes such as increased union instability and more frequent cohabitation. In turn, sole homeownership may also impinge on these processes. For instance, sole homeownership may increase the risk of union dissolution compared to joint homeownership. This is one avenue for future research.
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/24792
eng
DemoSoc working papers;57
L'accés als continguts d'aquest document queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/344522018-04-26T01:30:45Zcom_10230_7com_10230_3col_10230_16
What shape great expectations? Gender, social origin and country differences in students’ expectations of university graduation
Ortiz Gervasi, Luis
Ensenyament universitari
Programme for International Student Assessment
Igualtat d'oportunitats educatives
Diferències entre sexes
Dones -- Educació
Igualtat entre els sexes
Over the last decades, female educational attainment has progressively caught up with male one in many OECD countries. Expectations of university graduation have correspondingly been found to be higher among female adolescents than among male ones. The advantage is even higher for girls of lower social origin. In the present research, multilevel modelling is applied to a combination of national-level data, on the one hand, and individual- and school-level data drawn from PISA 2003 on the other hand, in order to explain lower expectations of university graduation among male kids of lowly educated parents. Attention is paid to gender egalitarianism, educational differentiation and economic structure. A more gender-egalitarian society is expected to make human capital investment more attractive for girls. This effect may not affect expectations of university graduation among offspring of highly educated fathers, but it is expected to raise educational expectations of daughters of lowly educated fathers well above expectations of boys of the same origin. As regards educational differentiation, vocational training may become more appealing for male kids of lower social origin than for female ones. Finally, the size and growth of employment and wages in strongly masculinised sectors (i.e. manufacturing and construction) may divert male kids from entry into university, making vocational training or straight entry into the labour market more attractive. Again, this effect could be stronger among male adolescents of lower social origin. The evidence supports the role of the economic structure and gender egalitarianism, but no evidence is found in support of the role of educational differentiation.
2018-04-25
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/34452
eng
DemoSoc working papers;58
L'accés als continguts d'aquest document queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons
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